Genetic polymorphisms in monoamine neurotransmitter systems show only weak association with acute post-surgical pain in humans

Hyungsuk Kim^1,2 , Hyewon Lee^1,2 , Janet Rowan³ , Jaime Brahim⁴ and Raymond A Dionne^1,2

¹  National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA

²  Pain and Neurosensory Mechanisms Branch, National Institute of Dentaland Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA

³  Department of Nursing, Magnuson Clinical Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA

⁴  Clinical Research Core, National Institute of Dental and CraniofacialResearch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA